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Building-integrated agriculture (BIA) is of the practice of locating high performance hydroponic greenhouse farming systems on and in mixed use buildings to exploit synergies between the built environment and agriculture.〔Caplow, Ted. "Building Integrated Agriculture: Philosophy and Practice." Heinrich Böll Foundation: Urban Development and Urban Lifestyles of the Future 2009: 48–51.http://www.boell.org/downloads/Urban_Futures_2030.pdf〕 Typical characteristics of BIA installations include: recirculating hydroponics, waste heat captured from a building's heating-ventilation-air condition system (HVAC), solar photovoltaics or other forms of renewable energy, rainwater catchment systems, and evaporative cooling.〔Caroline McCarthy, for News.com. "New York barges into sustainable urban farming." New York Times 4 May 2007.〕 The earliest example of BIA may have been the Hanging Gardens of Babylon around 600 BC. Modern examples include Eli Zabar's rooftop greenhouse, (The Sun Works Center for Environmental Studies ), Gotham Greens, (Sky Vegetables ), (Top Sprouts ), (Cityscape Farms ), Dongtan, Masdar City, (AeroFarms ), (Solar 2 ), Lufa Farms, (BrightFarms ), and (Big Box Farms ). The term building-integrated agriculture was coined by Dr. Ted Caplow in a paper delivered at the 2007 Passive and Low Energy Cooling Conference in Crete, Greece.〔 == Background == Applications of BIA are motivated by trends in patterns of energy use, global population, and global climate change. Specific observations include: * Globally, modern agriculture uses 70% of fresh water withdrawals, is the world's largest source of water pollution, and the largest consumer of land.〔"The Global Environmental Outlook 4: Environment for Development." United Nations Environment Programme, 2007. pp. 104, 116, 420.〕 * According to official UN estimates, global population is expected to exceed nine billion by 2050. Food travels hundreds of thousands of miles to reach urban consumers, adding to traffic congestion, air pollution and carbon emissions.〔Pirog, Rich, and Andrew Benjamin. "Checking the Food Odometer: Comparing Food Miles for Local Versus Conventional Produce Sales in Iowa Institutions." 2003.〕 * Increased urbanization, results in marginalization of natural world and distance from food production.〔Caplow, Ted and Viraj Puri. "How to Grow Food in the 100% Renewable City: Building Integrated Agriculture." Droege, Peter. 100% RENEWABLE: ENERGY AUTONOMY IN ACTION. London: Earthscan, 2009. 229–242.〕 * In the United States, buildings account for 39% of energy use, 68% of electricity consumption, 12% of water consumption, and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions.〔U.S. EPA, 2004, Buildings and the Environment: A Statistical Summary.〕 * Global warming is predicted to lead to widespread shortages of food, water, and arable land by 2050.〔Lobell, David B. et al., 2008, Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation Needs for Food Security in 2030, Science, 319, p. 607.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Building-integrated agriculture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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